Type of Incident

Air strikes [causing death and injury]

Date of Incident(s)

January 28th 2025

Incident Location

(Village, Township and District)

W--- village [and R--- village], Kyaw Pa village tract[2], Bu Tho Township, Mu Traw District.

Victim(s) Information [killed]

Name

Naw[3] A---

Saw[4] G---

Naw Y---

Saw H---

Age

46 years old

30 years old

26 years old

3 years old

Gender

Woman

Man

Woman

Boy

Ethnicity

Karen

Karen

Karen

Karen

Marital Status

Married

Married

Married

-

Occupation

Farmer

Farmer

Farmer

-

Religion

Roman Catholic (RC)

Buddhist

Buddhist

Buddhist

Position

Villager

Villager

Villager

Villager

Village

W--- village, Kyaw Pa village tract

W--- village, Kyaw Pa village tract

W--- village, Kyaw Pa village tract

W--- village, Kyaw Pa village tract

Victim(s) Information [injured]

Name

Naw N---

Saw T---

Saw E---

Naw C---

Naw I---

Naw M---

Age

36 years old

10 years old

45 years old

50 years old

4 years old

31 years old

Gender

Woman

Boy

Man

Woman

Girl

Woman

Ethnicity

Karen

Karen

Karen

Karen

Karen

Karen

Marital Status  

Married

-

Married

Married

-

Married

Occupation

Farmer

Student

Farmer

Farmer

Student

Farmer

Religion

Buddhist

Buddhist

Buddhist

Buddhist

Buddhist

Buddhist

Position

Villager

Villager

Villager

Villager

Villager

Villager

Village

W--- village, Kyaw Pa village tract

W---village, Kyaw Pa village tract

W---village, Kyaw Pa village tract

W---village, Kyaw Pa village tract

W---village, Kyaw Pa village tract

W---village, Kyaw Pa village tract

Perpetrator Information (Armed Actors)

Name(s)

Rank

Unit

Base

Commander’s Name

State Administration Council (SAC)[5] [Air force]

Unknown

Air force [under the command of the SAC]

Unknown

 [General Tun Aung serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the Burma Army Air Force]

1. Explain in detail how this information was collected.

On January 29th 2025, I [a KHRG field researcher] conducted an interview with Saw O---, who is the relative [nephew] of the victim Naw A---, who was killed by the air strike. A second interview was conducted with the village head of W--- village, named Saw D---, who witnessed the air strike which took place on January 28th 2025 on W--- village. [He also provided the information about the air strike in nearby R--- village.]

2. Explain how the source verified this information.

The first person [Saw O---] who provided me [KHRG field researcher] with the information knew about the incident because one of the siblings [name unknown] who was watching over the house phoned him after the incident. He is the relative of the victim Naw A---. The second person who provided me [KHRG field researcher] with the information knew about the incident because he is the W--- village head and he witnessed the air strike that happened in the village. [And heard about the incident in R--- village and saw the destruction afterwards.]

Describe the Incident(s) in complete detail.

SAC air strike on W--- village, Kyaw Pa village tract:

On January 28th 2025, between 5 and 6 pm, an SAC aircraft dropped four 500-pound bombs onto W--- village, Kyaw Pa village tract, Bu Tho Township, Mu Traw District. [Villagers stated the bombs were likely 500-pound bombs given the amount of destruction in the village and the size of bomb craters]. Due to the [SAC] air strike, four W--- villagers (including one child) were killed and six more were injured (including one child). The air strike also caused destruction of houses and displacement.

[Villagers stated that they believed] the air strike was in response to the attack by the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA)[6] troops combined [with People’s Defence Forces (PDF)[7]] on the SAC army camp based at K’Ter Tee village tract, Dwe Lo Township.

The villagers who were killed by the [SAC] air strike are:

1. Naw A--- (46 years old),

2. Saw G--- (30 years old),

3. Naw Y--- (26 years old), and

4. Saw H--- (3 years old).

Naw A--- left behind her husband, named Saw B---, and their two daughters and two sons. Saw G--- and Naw Y--- were husband and wife. Saw H--- was their child. All four [Naw A---, Saw G---, Naw Y--- and Saw H---] were burned to death and killed immediately inside their houses [by the SAC air strike]. The local villagers including the village head managed to cremate the dead bodies of these villagers and pray for them.

The villagers who were injured are:

1. Naw N--- (36 years old),

2. Saw T--- (10 years old),

3. Saw E--- (45 years old),

4. Naw C--- (50 years old),

5. Naw I--- (4 years old), and

6. Naw M--- (31 years old).

[They were all injured by shrapnel from the explosion of the bombs while inside their houses, although it is unknown how severe the injuries were.] Medics from the KNLA arranged and sent these people to treatment places. Those with less severe injuries were treated within the KNU [Karen National Union (KNU)[8]] administrative area, while those with serious injuries were transported to Thailand [for treatment]. [As of June 18th 2025, the current condition of the injured victims is unknown.]

Five houses were burned down completely by the SAC air strike, owned by Saw B--- (50 years old) [and Naw A---, who was killed]; Saw G--- (30 years old) [and Naw Y---, who were killed]; Saw J--- (55 years old); Saw E--- (45 years old) [who was injured]; and Saw K--- (30 years old). According to the villagers, the estimated prices of two of the houses, which were in good condition, including the materials destroyed inside of the houses, is over 100 million Kyats [USD 47,619][9] each. The three other houses that were burned down were estimated to be worth 60 million Kyats [USD 28,571.40] each. There were also several other houses which were damaged due to the air strike [although the exact number is unknown].

[The Karen Women’s Organisation (KWO)[10] has provided 200,000 Kyats [USD 95.24] as support to each family whose house burned down.]

Saw O---, a villager from W--- village, Kyaw Pa village tract, [and family member of Naw A---, one of the victims], reported to KHRG: “Indigenous Karen elder people predicted that the aircraft would come [by using traditional practices], but they didn’t know which day it was going to come. The KNU organisation also warned us to be vigilant [about potential SAC air strikes].” Saw O--- added: “We didn’t know when the aircraft was going to come. It came in the evening by the time I was eating rice. I did not see [it].”

SAC air strike on R--- village, Kyaw Pa village tract:

On the same day [January 28th 2025], the SAC conducted an air strike onto R--- village, Kyaw Pa village tract, Bu Tho Township, and a monastery and other buildings were destroyed. Some houses were also destroyed. However, there were no casualties amongst monks and villagers because R--- villagers heard about the air strike that took place in W--- and fled from their village before the SAC air strike on their village.

Situation during displacement:

After the incident [air strike in W--- village], villagers [from all 60 houses in W--- village] fled to the forest, river sources, and caves. As they have to stay uncomfortably [at places where they fled], they have faced difficulties in terms of [securing] food, healthcare, and education. This is the time of the year when villagers must clean [clear weeds, grasses and bushes] on their agricultural land, and it is not easy for them to travel to their plots and prepare them [agricultural land for farming].

In terms of food [for the displaced villagers], they asked for food from their fellow villagers [villagers shared food among themselves]. The Mutraw Community Development and Management Committee (MCDMC)[11] also distributed one box of rice per person to each family. This was enough rice for villagers to survive for one month. Villagers had been displaced for one week [at the time of the interview].

[As of June 9th 2025,] W--- villagers remain displaced in the forest. Saw D--- [the village head] from W--- village, Kyaw Pa village tract, said: “W--- villagers used to secure their livelihoods by working on their hill farmlands. However, they did not have enough food from the farming products, so they had to go to N--- village [located nearby] to buy rice.” [N--- village is located in K’Ter Tee village tract, Dwe Lo Township. After fighting and air strikes occurred in R--- village, located near N--- village, W--- villagers have been unable to travel there to buy food.]

The temporary school at the displacement site for W--- villagers [located in the forest] and the high school, located in Q--- village [Kyaw Pa village tract], are still open. [After fleeing, villagers opened a temporary school at their displacement site to replace the school in W--- village, which closed after the air strike. The school in W--- village only goes until Grade 4, so older students normally would travel to Q---- village, Kyaw Pa village tract, around a one-hour walk, to attend a high school.] However, now, parents do not feel confident enough to let their children study at the high school in Q--- village, far away [from their displacement site] due to this incident.  Saw O---, from W--- village, Kyaw Pa village tract, said: “We were unable to open the school [the elementary school in W--- village] as the aircraft conducted reconnaissance once every two or three days.”

There is also a need for healthcare treatment, for children and elderly people who are sleeping in the forest and in cold weather. They are afraid to light fires [because they are worried that it will attract the SAC’s attention] and need medicine [while they are displaced in the forest]. They are also afraid that the smoke from the bombs’ explosions will cause diseases. For accommodation, [villagers] need roofing materials as there are many places that do not have leaves [locally known as ‘K’Haw La’ (wild palm tree), leaves traditionally used for thatching].

The families of those injured or killed need much support. People who were injured need support such as medicine, food, and shelter to keep them safe from the threat of further air strikes. There are also children among the injured, and they also need care.

Did the victim(s) provide permission to use this information? Explain how that permission was provided.

The nephew of [one of the killed victims] Naw A---, named Saw O---, and the village head of W--- village, Saw D---, allowed KHRG to use the information. Relatives [siblings] of the injured victims also gave KHRG permission to use the information.

Type of Incident

Air strikes [causing death and injury]

Date of Incident(s)

January 28th 2025

Incident Location

(Village, Township and District)

W--- village [and R--- village], Kyaw Pa village tract[2], Bu Tho Township, Mu Traw District.

Victim(s) Information [killed]

Name

Naw[3] A---

Saw[4] G---

Naw Y---

Saw H---

Age

46 years old

30 years old

26 years old

3 years old

Gender

Woman

Man

Woman

Boy

Ethnicity

Karen

Karen

Karen

Karen

Marital Status

Married

Married

Married

-

Occupation

Farmer

Farmer

Farmer

-

Religion

Roman Catholic (RC)

Buddhist

Buddhist

Buddhist

Position

Villager

Villager

Villager

Villager

Village

W--- village, Kyaw Pa village tract

W--- village, Kyaw Pa village tract

W--- village, Kyaw Pa village tract

W--- village, Kyaw Pa village tract

Victim(s) Information [injured]

Name

Naw N---

Saw T---

Saw E---

Naw C---

Naw I---

Naw M---

Age

36 years old

10 years old

45 years old

50 years old

4 years old

31 years old

Gender

Woman

Boy

Man

Woman

Girl

Woman

Ethnicity

Karen

Karen

Karen

Karen

Karen

Karen

Marital Status  

Married

-

Married

Married

-

Married

Occupation

Farmer

Student

Farmer

Farmer

Student

Farmer

Religion

Buddhist

Buddhist

Buddhist

Buddhist

Buddhist

Buddhist

Position

Villager

Villager

Villager

Villager

Villager

Villager

Village

W--- village, Kyaw Pa village tract

W---village, Kyaw Pa village tract

W---village, Kyaw Pa village tract

W---village, Kyaw Pa village tract

W---village, Kyaw Pa village tract

W---village, Kyaw Pa village tract

Perpetrator Information (Armed Actors)

Name(s)

Rank

Unit

Base

Commander’s Name

State Administration Council (SAC)[5] [Air force]

Unknown

Air force [under the command of the SAC]

Unknown

 [General Tun Aung serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the Burma Army Air Force]

1. Explain in detail how this information was collected.

On January 29th 2025, I [a KHRG field researcher] conducted an interview with Saw O---, who is the relative [nephew] of the victim Naw A---, who was killed by the air strike. A second interview was conducted with the village head of W--- village, named Saw D---, who witnessed the air strike which took place on January 28th 2025 on W--- village. [He also provided the information about the air strike in nearby R--- village.]

2. Explain how the source verified this information.

The first person [Saw O---] who provided me [KHRG field researcher] with the information knew about the incident because one of the siblings [name unknown] who was watching over the house phoned him after the incident. He is the relative of the victim Naw A---. The second person who provided me [KHRG field researcher] with the information knew about the incident because he is the W--- village head and he witnessed the air strike that happened in the village. [And heard about the incident in R--- village and saw the destruction afterwards.]

Describe the Incident(s) in complete detail.

SAC air strike on W--- village, Kyaw Pa village tract:

On January 28th 2025, between 5 and 6 pm, an SAC aircraft dropped four 500-pound bombs onto W--- village, Kyaw Pa village tract, Bu Tho Township, Mu Traw District. [Villagers stated the bombs were likely 500-pound bombs given the amount of destruction in the village and the size of bomb craters]. Due to the [SAC] air strike, four W--- villagers (including one child) were killed and six more were injured (including one child). The air strike also caused destruction of houses and displacement.

[Villagers stated that they believed] the air strike was in response to the attack by the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA)[6] troops combined [with People’s Defence Forces (PDF)[7]] on the SAC army camp based at K’Ter Tee village tract, Dwe Lo Township.

The villagers who were killed by the [SAC] air strike are:

1. Naw A--- (46 years old),

2. Saw G--- (30 years old),

3. Naw Y--- (26 years old), and

4. Saw H--- (3 years old).

Naw A--- left behind her husband, named Saw B---, and their two daughters and two sons. Saw G--- and Naw Y--- were husband and wife. Saw H--- was their child. All four [Naw A---, Saw G---, Naw Y--- and Saw H---] were burned to death and killed immediately inside their houses [by the SAC air strike]. The local villagers including the village head managed to cremate the dead bodies of these villagers and pray for them.

The villagers who were injured are:

1. Naw N--- (36 years old),

2. Saw T--- (10 years old),

3. Saw E--- (45 years old),

4. Naw C--- (50 years old),

5. Naw I--- (4 years old), and

6. Naw M--- (31 years old).

[They were all injured by shrapnel from the explosion of the bombs while inside their houses, although it is unknown how severe the injuries were.] Medics from the KNLA arranged and sent these people to treatment places. Those with less severe injuries were treated within the KNU [Karen National Union (KNU)[8]] administrative area, while those with serious injuries were transported to Thailand [for treatment]. [As of June 18th 2025, the current condition of the injured victims is unknown.]

Five houses were burned down completely by the SAC air strike, owned by Saw B--- (50 years old) [and Naw A---, who was killed]; Saw G--- (30 years old) [and Naw Y---, who were killed]; Saw J--- (55 years old); Saw E--- (45 years old) [who was injured]; and Saw K--- (30 years old). According to the villagers, the estimated prices of two of the houses, which were in good condition, including the materials destroyed inside of the houses, is over 100 million Kyats [USD 47,619][9] each. The three other houses that were burned down were estimated to be worth 60 million Kyats [USD 28,571.40] each. There were also several other houses which were damaged due to the air strike [although the exact number is unknown].

[The Karen Women’s Organisation (KWO)[10] has provided 200,000 Kyats [USD 95.24] as support to each family whose house burned down.]

Saw O---, a villager from W--- village, Kyaw Pa village tract, [and family member of Naw A---, one of the victims], reported to KHRG: “Indigenous Karen elder people predicted that the aircraft would come [by using traditional practices], but they didn’t know which day it was going to come. The KNU organisation also warned us to be vigilant [about potential SAC air strikes].” Saw O--- added: “We didn’t know when the aircraft was going to come. It came in the evening by the time I was eating rice. I did not see [it].”

SAC air strike on R--- village, Kyaw Pa village tract:

On the same day [January 28th 2025], the SAC conducted an air strike onto R--- village, Kyaw Pa village tract, Bu Tho Township, and a monastery and other buildings were destroyed. Some houses were also destroyed. However, there were no casualties amongst monks and villagers because R--- villagers heard about the air strike that took place in W--- and fled from their village before the SAC air strike on their village.

Situation during displacement:

After the incident [air strike in W--- village], villagers [from all 60 houses in W--- village] fled to the forest, river sources, and caves. As they have to stay uncomfortably [at places where they fled], they have faced difficulties in terms of [securing] food, healthcare, and education. This is the time of the year when villagers must clean [clear weeds, grasses and bushes] on their agricultural land, and it is not easy for them to travel to their plots and prepare them [agricultural land for farming].

In terms of food [for the displaced villagers], they asked for food from their fellow villagers [villagers shared food among themselves]. The Mutraw Community Development and Management Committee (MCDMC)[11] also distributed one box of rice per person to each family. This was enough rice for villagers to survive for one month. Villagers had been displaced for one week [at the time of the interview].

[As of June 9th 2025,] W--- villagers remain displaced in the forest. Saw D--- [the village head] from W--- village, Kyaw Pa village tract, said: “W--- villagers used to secure their livelihoods by working on their hill farmlands. However, they did not have enough food from the farming products, so they had to go to N--- village [located nearby] to buy rice.” [N--- village is located in K’Ter Tee village tract, Dwe Lo Township. After fighting and air strikes occurred in R--- village, located near N--- village, W--- villagers have been unable to travel there to buy food.]

The temporary school at the displacement site for W--- villagers [located in the forest] and the high school, located in Q--- village [Kyaw Pa village tract], are still open. [After fleeing, villagers opened a temporary school at their displacement site to replace the school in W--- village, which closed after the air strike. The school in W--- village only goes until Grade 4, so older students normally would travel to Q---- village, Kyaw Pa village tract, around a one-hour walk, to attend a high school.] However, now, parents do not feel confident enough to let their children study at the high school in Q--- village, far away [from their displacement site] due to this incident.  Saw O---, from W--- village, Kyaw Pa village tract, said: “We were unable to open the school [the elementary school in W--- village] as the aircraft conducted reconnaissance once every two or three days.”

There is also a need for healthcare treatment, for children and elderly people who are sleeping in the forest and in cold weather. They are afraid to light fires [because they are worried that it will attract the SAC’s attention] and need medicine [while they are displaced in the forest]. They are also afraid that the smoke from the bombs’ explosions will cause diseases. For accommodation, [villagers] need roofing materials as there are many places that do not have leaves [locally known as ‘K’Haw La’ (wild palm tree), leaves traditionally used for thatching].

The families of those injured or killed need much support. People who were injured need support such as medicine, food, and shelter to keep them safe from the threat of further air strikes. There are also children among the injured, and they also need care.

Did the victim(s) provide permission to use this information? Explain how that permission was provided.

The nephew of [one of the killed victims] Naw A---, named Saw O---, and the village head of W--- village, Saw D---, allowed KHRG to use the information. Relatives [siblings] of the injured victims also gave KHRG permission to use the information.