In order to extend military control over all civilian communities in Karen State, the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) has increased military operations by establishing more camps, deploying more army units and attacking displaced communities in hiding, especially in Papun District and other areas of northern Karen State. As a result, the local communities in areas not under SPDC control are now at a higher risk of future Burma Army attacks and subsequent displacement. To evade this expanding military control, some villagers have decided to flee into the forest and continue their lives in hiding whilst others have decided to travel south-east across the Thai-Burma border to access Thailand-based refugee camps.

"Plah Koh Doh and Saw Gker Der villagers started to flee on March 4th 2008. The SPDC Army came and based its camp in Htee Moo Kee. It's been 32 days already but the villagers haven't had a chance to go back to their village yet... The villagers who fled haven't been able to work at their workplaces [farm fields]."

- Saw M--- (male, 42), S--- village, Plah Koh village tract (April 2008)

On March 4th 2008, SPDC Army Columns #1 and #2 of Light Infantry Battalions (LIBs) #323 and 552 based their camp at Htee Moo Kee village, which lies in an area of Saw Muh Bplaw village tract of Lu Thaw Township where large numbers of internally displaced people (IDPs) remain in hiding. These army columns, which have 102 soldiers combined, were previously active in the Dteh Boh Bplaw area of Saw Muh Bplaw village tract. As a result of this troop movement, the villagers from eight villages in the Plah Koh and Saw Muh Bplaw village tracts were forced to flee to eight different IDP hiding sites. The table below indicates the number of households and villagers from Plah Koh and Saw Muh Bpaw village tracts who fled from the SPDC forces on this occasion.

Also on March 4th 2008, troops operating under SPDC Military Operations Command (MOC) #4 attacked Gheh Yuh Der village, in Kay Bpoo village tract of Lu Thaw township. The soldiers burned down nine houses belonging to Saw Nay Htoo, Saw Nyah Hay Muh, Naw Bpree, Naw Shwe Htoo, Pah Way Bpaw, Saw Bluh Doh, Pah Mer Khuh, Saw Oh Htoo, and Saw Nay Htoo. On the following day, March 5th 2008, these same troops burned down three hillside farm fields in the area belonging to Naw Bpoh Gay, Naw Beh Htoo and Naw Gkweh Khay.

"In 2008 we have already had to flee two times. We fled when SLORC[1] [SPDC] came and burned down Lay Poh Der and Gheh Yuh Der. We fled on March 4th 2008. On the other occasion we fled during the night when we heard the SPDC crossing the river."

- Saw L--- (male, 45), --- village, Kay Bpoo village tract (April 2008) 

According to the Free Burma Rangers, on June 4th 2008, SPDC troops from Infantry Battalion (IB) #240 attacked Dtay Muh Der village in Lu Thaw township, Papun District.  During the attack the soldiers burned down rice barns, looted homes, badly damaged the church and destroyed farms. Over 1,000 people from this village and the nearby Dt'Kaw Htoh Baw and Th'Dah Der villages were forced to flee in to the forest. [2]

Landmines and food insecurity

Leaving their homes and farm fields behind, the newly displaced villagers in Lu Thaw township now face serious humanitarian threats at their new hiding sites. When they fled their homes in Plah Koh and Saw Muh Bplaw village tracts, the displaced villagers abandoned 127 hillside farm fields and 94 flat fields. These newly displaced communities have been unable to safely return to their farm fields in order to collect rice stores or tend their farm fields because these fields are located amidst the recently deployed SPDC Army units. The troops from SPDC LIBs #323 and 552 now based at Htee Moo Kee and Plah Koh are able to observe the abandoned hillside and flat field farms from their camps. Villagers who return to their farms to collect hidden rice stores or cultivate their crops risk being shot on sight or stepping on landmines deployed by the soldiers in order to prevent the return of the displaced communities.

"Our enemies [SPDC] came and mistreated our villagers. We had to flee and move during the night. We had to build new houses for our families and at the same time, we had to go back and secretly take rice from our rice barn. We also had to clear new hill fields in order to survive. We didn't have much time to cut down the forest for our hill fields so we could only clear a small area. We couldn't do more than that because we had to build new houses... We could only clear an area in which we could plant just two or three big tins [25 kg. / 55 lb. to 37.5 kg. / 78 lb.] of paddy seed."

- Saw K--- (male, 19), T--- village, Saw Muh Bplaw village tract (April 2008)

During the SPDC's recent military operations in Saw Muh Bplaw village tract, soldiers also deployed landmines in the area surrounding the burnt down villages in order to prevent the return of those villagers who had fled their homes.

"Yes, one villager was injured by an SPDC landmine. Her name is Naw D--- and she was injured at T--- on March 15th 2008 at about 7:30 am. She's single."

- Saw K--- (male, 19), T--- village, Saw Muh Bplaw village tract (April 2008)

The impact on education

Due to the increased deployment of SPDC troops and their attacks on civilian communities across much of northern Karen State, many students, including those in Saw Muh Bplaw and Plah Koh village tracts as well as other areas of Lu Thaw township, have been unable to remain in school for extended periods. While some of these students have been able to continue their education at displaced hiding sites, many have had to flee repeatedly to other areas in order to maintain their evasion of Burma Army patrols; a situation that has, in some areas, continued for years. Some parents have told KHRG that they do not feel their children are secure because each year, on average, villagers have to flee three or four times. To remove their children from areas of ongoing SPDC troop patrols and attacks, some parents have made arrangements for their children to study in more secure locations, whether at larger IDP sites inside Karen State or in Thailand-based refugee camps.

"Because of the SPDC operations, we cannot count how many times we have fled in the forest. There was one year when we had to leave our school and we couldn't study at all for the whole year. I had to repeat the same grade the next year... I have decided that after I finish grade 10, I will attend medical training so as to be able to look after patients... I will try my best to accomplish my goal no matter the difficulties I face."

- Naw D--- (female, 19), T--- village (April 2008)

Conclusion

While the international media remains focused on the SPDC's post-cyclone intransigence regarding relief aid in the Irrawaddy Delta, the Burma Army has continued military attacks against civilians in northern Karen State. This continuation of military expansion and attacks is disastrously undermining the health, education and livelihood options for villagers in these areas; areas in which the regime has restricted relief efforts, even more tightly than the Irrawaddy Delta.